Egypt, Arab Rep. | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)
Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Development relevance: Adjusted net national income is particularly useful in monitoring low-income, resource-rich economies, like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, because such economies often see large natural resources depletion as well as substantial exports of resource rents to foreign mining companies. For recent years adjusted net national income gives a picture of economic growth that is strikingly different from the one provided by GDP. The key to increasing future consumption and thus the standard of living lies in increasing national wealth - including not only the traditional measures of capital (such as produced and human capital), but also natural capital. Natural capital comprises such assets as land, forests, and subsoil resources. All three types of capital are key to sustaining economic growth. By accounting for the consumption of fixed and natural capital depletion, adjusted net national income better measures the income available for consumption or for investment to increase a country's future consumption. Limitations and exceptions: Adjusted net national income differs from the adjustments made in the calculation of adjusted net savings, by not accounting for investments in human capital or the damages from pollution. Thus, adjusted net national income remains within the boundaries of the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). The SNA includes non-produced natural assets (such as land, mineral resources, and forests) within the asset boundary when they are under the effective control of institutional units. The calculation of adjusted net national income, which accounts for net forest, energy, and mineral depletion, as well as consumption of fixed capital, thus remains within the SNA boundaries. This point is critical because it allows for comparisons across GDP, GNI, and adjusted net national income; such comparisons reveal the impact of natural resource depletion, which is otherwise ignored by the popular economic indicators. Statistical concept and methodology: Adjusted net national income complements gross national income (GNI) in assessing economic progress (Hamilton and Ley 2010) by providing a broader measure of national income that accounts for the depletion of natural resources. Adjusted net national income is calculated by subtracting from GNI a charge for the consumption of fixed capital (a calculation that yields net national income) and for the depletion of natural resources. The deduction for the depletion of natural resources, which covers net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion, reflects the decline in asset values associated with the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This is analogous to depreciation of fixed assets. Growth rates of adjusted net national income are computed from constant price series deflated using the gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) deflator.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Arab Republic of Egypt
Records
63
Source
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
-0.32190386 1971
0.92070056 1972
0.01413832 1973
-10.1099793 1974
-5.51646057 1975
10.98096461 1976
-1.49633382 1977
-8.58818803 1978
-21.99030863 1979
3.77810583 1980
4.85312722 1981
13.4704707 1982
5.98533024 1983
2.91444445 1984
2.10628503 1985
13.79597031 1986
5.24405974 1987
-4.43270221 1988
-1.44055896 1989
-2.35395895 1990
14.73152111 1991
6.38040338 1992
-1.90864939 1993
3.76901148 1994
2.92963627 1995
3.90019226 1996
6.9024001 1997
-2.94564613 1998
1.81958909 1999
4.57315188 2000
5.94674234 2001
-0.84332206 2002
-1.16373993 2003
-0.58713139 2004
-0.14219109 2005
6.49670314 2006
5.30069447 2007
1.76478065 2008
4.28843137 2009
1.6336544 2010
0.2351319 2011
2.81427202 2012
0.76326493 2013
0.92757575 2014
6.4528969 2015
2.63169002 2016
-7.49089779 2017
1.58113825 2018
3.39796847 2019
4.10542356 2020
0.08030583 2021
2022
Egypt, Arab Rep. | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)
Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Development relevance: Adjusted net national income is particularly useful in monitoring low-income, resource-rich economies, like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, because such economies often see large natural resources depletion as well as substantial exports of resource rents to foreign mining companies. For recent years adjusted net national income gives a picture of economic growth that is strikingly different from the one provided by GDP. The key to increasing future consumption and thus the standard of living lies in increasing national wealth - including not only the traditional measures of capital (such as produced and human capital), but also natural capital. Natural capital comprises such assets as land, forests, and subsoil resources. All three types of capital are key to sustaining economic growth. By accounting for the consumption of fixed and natural capital depletion, adjusted net national income better measures the income available for consumption or for investment to increase a country's future consumption. Limitations and exceptions: Adjusted net national income differs from the adjustments made in the calculation of adjusted net savings, by not accounting for investments in human capital or the damages from pollution. Thus, adjusted net national income remains within the boundaries of the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). The SNA includes non-produced natural assets (such as land, mineral resources, and forests) within the asset boundary when they are under the effective control of institutional units. The calculation of adjusted net national income, which accounts for net forest, energy, and mineral depletion, as well as consumption of fixed capital, thus remains within the SNA boundaries. This point is critical because it allows for comparisons across GDP, GNI, and adjusted net national income; such comparisons reveal the impact of natural resource depletion, which is otherwise ignored by the popular economic indicators. Statistical concept and methodology: Adjusted net national income complements gross national income (GNI) in assessing economic progress (Hamilton and Ley 2010) by providing a broader measure of national income that accounts for the depletion of natural resources. Adjusted net national income is calculated by subtracting from GNI a charge for the consumption of fixed capital (a calculation that yields net national income) and for the depletion of natural resources. The deduction for the depletion of natural resources, which covers net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion, reflects the decline in asset values associated with the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This is analogous to depreciation of fixed assets. Growth rates of adjusted net national income are computed from constant price series deflated using the gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) deflator.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Arab Republic of Egypt
Records
63
Source