Euro area | Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. Limitations and exceptions: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Despite IMF efforts to standardize data collection, statistics are often incomplete, untimely, and not comparable across countries. Statistical concept and methodology: The IMF's Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014, harmonized with the 2008 SNA, recommends an accrual accounting method, focusing on all economic events affecting assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, not just those represented by cash transactions. It accounts for all changes in stocks, so stock data at the end of an accounting period equal stock data at the beginning of the period plus flows over the period. The 1986 manual considered only debt stocks. Government finance statistics are reported in local currency. Many countries report government finance data by fiscal year; see country metadata for information on fiscal year end by country.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Euro area
Records
63
Source
Euro area | Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 0.83909848
1973 0.37857915
1974 -0.36805591
1975 -2.8646925
1976 -1.83552445
1977 -1.57737553
1978 -2.25153176
1979 -2.44008919
1980 -2.57934351
1981 -2.23733748
1982 -2.89104051
1983 -2.80269215
1984 -2.71899442
1985 -2.64112315
1986 -3.92553198
1987 -4.10977808
1988 -3.17622793
1989 -2.60003595
1990 -1.94894495
1991 -2.40168347
1992 -2.76943987
1993 -3.9528555
1994 -3.64938973
1995 -6.52845142
1996 -3.66391924
1997 -2.50504068
1998 -2.05686216
1999 -1.39565644
2000 -1.08429047
2001 -1.46341547
2002 -2.10122627
2003 -2.58939338
2004 -2.38315634
2005 -2.43367862
2006 -1.50392422
2007 -0.90300296
2008 -1.54569909
2009 -4.81862526
2010 -5.17319127
2011 -3.21126369
2012 -3.47013925
2013 -2.77270195
2014 -2.28678531
2015 -1.94350541
2016 -1.67139176
2017 -1.26352551
2018 -0.75963316
2019 -0.79827069
2020 -6.79582144
2021 -5.21578575
2022
Euro area | Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)
Net lending (+) / net borrowing (–) equals government revenue minus expense, minus net investment in nonfinancial assets. It is also equal to the net result of transactions in financial assets and liabilities. Net lending/net borrowing is a summary measure indicating the extent to which government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy or abroad, or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors in the economy or from abroad. Limitations and exceptions: For most countries central government finance data have been consolidated into one account, but for others only budgetary central government accounts are available. Countries reporting budgetary data are noted in the country metadata. Because budgetary accounts may not include all central government units (such as social security funds), they usually provide an incomplete picture. In federal states the central government accounts provide an incomplete view of total public finance. Data on government revenue and expense are collected by the IMF through questionnaires to member countries and by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Despite IMF efforts to standardize data collection, statistics are often incomplete, untimely, and not comparable across countries. Statistical concept and methodology: The IMF's Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014, harmonized with the 2008 SNA, recommends an accrual accounting method, focusing on all economic events affecting assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, not just those represented by cash transactions. It accounts for all changes in stocks, so stock data at the end of an accounting period equal stock data at the beginning of the period plus flows over the period. The 1986 manual considered only debt stocks. Government finance statistics are reported in local currency. Many countries report government finance data by fiscal year; see country metadata for information on fiscal year end by country.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Euro area
Records
63
Source