Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Europe & Central Asia
Records
63
Source
Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
1960 0.00332775
1961 0.00193332
1962 0.00258946
1963 0.00356537
1964 0.00396266
1965 0.00702482
1966 0.00688472
1967 0.00450615
1968 0.00576695
1969 0.00435379
1970 0.00363971
1971 0.00303625
1972 0.00291519
1973 0.00292673
1974 0.00256882
1975 0.00196655
1976 0.00180314
1977 0.00315806
1978 0.00266248
1979 0.00118134
1980 0.00284195
1981 0.01017561
1982 0.01064259
1983 0.01630209
1984 0.01924691
1985 0.01322333
1986 0.00595562
1987 0.00231167
1988 0.00394032
1989 0.00271772
1990 0.00295507
1991 0.01497772
1992 0.40622636
1993 0.55465696
1994 1.67464648
1995 1.81572122
1996 1.80644769
1997 1.7527246
1998 1.41409968
1999 1.07929748
2000 1.36584926
2001 1.19478971
2002 1.35270048
2003 1.47647231
2004 1.45676266
2005 1.8116387
2006 1.99544013
2007 2.50135707
2008 2.87204028
2009 1.81742695
2010 2.03826144
2011 2.46352304
2012 3.11802778
2013 2.87362088
2014 2.56543094
2015 2.15797316
2016 1.90858893
2017 2.13390031
2018 2.15301581
2019 2.30034843
2020 2.22250769
2021
2022
Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Europe & Central Asia
Records
63
Source