Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Europe & Central Asia
Records
63
Source
Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
0.00332775 1960
0.00193332 1961
0.00258946 1962
0.00356537 1963
0.00396266 1964
0.00702482 1965
0.00688472 1966
0.00450615 1967
0.00576695 1968
0.00435379 1969
0.00363971 1970
0.00303625 1971
0.00291519 1972
0.00292673 1973
0.00256882 1974
0.00196655 1975
0.00180314 1976
0.00315806 1977
0.00266248 1978
0.00118134 1979
0.00284195 1980
0.01017561 1981
0.01064259 1982
0.01630209 1983
0.01924691 1984
0.01322333 1985
0.00595562 1986
0.00231167 1987
0.00394032 1988
0.00271772 1989
0.00295507 1990
0.01497772 1991
0.40622636 1992
0.55465696 1993
1.67464648 1994
1.81572122 1995
1.80644769 1996
1.7527246 1997
1.41409968 1998
1.07929748 1999
1.36584926 2000
1.19478971 2001
1.35270048 2002
1.47647231 2003
1.45676266 2004
1.8116387 2005
1.99544013 2006
2.50135707 2007
2.87204028 2008
1.81742695 2009
2.03826144 2010
2.46352304 2011
3.11802778 2012
2.87362088 2013
2.56543094 2014
2.15797316 2015
1.90858893 2016
2.13390031 2017
2.15301581 2018
2.30034843 2019
2.22250769 2020
2021
2022
Europe & Central Asia | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Europe & Central Asia
Records
63
Source