Indonesia | Gross capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Limitations and exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial. Statistical concept and methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Republic of Indonesia
Records
63
Source
Indonesia | Gross capital formation (% of GDP)
1960 7.86776012
1961 10.23399277
1962 5.60257659
1963 8.19621042
1964 12.08382982
1965 6.69211303
1966 4.52674897
1967 8.00896438
1968 8.80431154
1969 11.66298749
1970 13.62275449
1971 15.79520697
1972 18.77738826
1973 17.8872864
1974 16.78184535
1975 20.34170457
1976 20.72129155
1977 20.12761234
1978 20.53415985
1979 20.93432088
1980 20.87150159
1981 21.38449294
1982 22.58345268
1983 29.40177156
1984 24.88467494
1985 25.34694597
1986 27.64651732
1987 27.24671899
1988 29.09802202
1989 30.6830326
1990 32.70769009
1991 31.86942548
1992 30.17582734
1993 28.28067311
1994 29.57068775
1995 30.42981109
1996 31.60236064
1997 30.30767579
1998 27.42950667
1999 22.13875931
2000 22.24569693
2001 22.53926632
2002 21.40407021
2003 25.59849839
2004 24.05636637
2005 25.08140994
2006 25.40021729
2007 24.92028385
2008 27.81624458
2009 30.98519241
2010 32.88012145
2011 32.98433326
2012 35.07159361
2013 33.83135679
2014 34.60034391
2015 34.06279218
2016 33.8587393
2017 33.7105948
2018 34.57058583
2019 33.78014238
2020 32.34341205
2021 31.44898475
2022 29.74533551

Indonesia | Gross capital formation (% of GDP)

Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Limitations and exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial. Statistical concept and methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Republic of Indonesia
Records
63
Source