Late-demographic dividend | Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)
Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Limitations and exceptions: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.
| year | value |
|---|---|
| 1960 | |
| 1961 | |
| 1962 | |
| 1963 | |
| 1964 | |
| 1965 | |
| 1966 | |
| 1967 | |
| 1968 | |
| 1969 | |
| 1970 | 2.40605026 |
| 1971 | 2.25545157 |
| 1972 | 2.46522094 |
| 1973 | 2.37563543 |
| 1974 | 2.45877434 |
| 1975 | 2.3449257 |
| 1976 | 2.56252085 |
| 1977 | 2.62100076 |
| 1978 | 2.66002969 |
| 1979 | 2.67011604 |
| 1980 | 2.58880523 |
| 1981 | 2.80053289 |
| 1982 | 2.89917576 |
| 1983 | 2.91893475 |
| 1984 | 2.80650229 |
| 1985 | 2.86987825 |
| 1986 | 2.99673962 |
| 1987 | 2.83631179 |
| 1988 | 3.16791981 |
| 1989 | 3.42378332 |
| 1990 | 3.60800922 |
| 1991 | 3.51219176 |
| 1992 | 3.47993613 |
| 1993 | 3.39137243 |
| 1994 | 3.57544321 |
| 1995 | 3.38210358 |
| 1996 | 3.419943 |
| 1997 | 3.55413839 |
| 1998 | 3.53552335 |
| 1999 | 3.18847007 |
| 2000 | 3.19105827 |
| 2001 | 3.19653183 |
| 2002 | 3.16401835 |
| 2003 | 3.19346091 |
| 2004 | 3.19652279 |
| 2005 | 3.25753014 |
| 2006 | 3.2292669 |
| 2007 | 3.18560736 |
| 2008 | 3.20928587 |
| 2009 | 3.21174439 |
| 2010 | 3.2250747 |
| 2011 | 3.19798183 |
| 2012 | 3.10117542 |
| 2013 | 3.07233669 |
| 2014 | 3.01062401 |
| 2015 | 2.8515933 |
| 2016 | 2.84784743 |
| 2017 | 2.92801849 |
| 2018 | 2.83178903 |
| 2019 | 2.81130535 |
| 2020 | 2.72350015 |
| 2021 | 2.68351887 |
| 2022 |
Late-demographic dividend | Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)
Education expenditure refers to the current operating expenditures in education, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in buildings and equipment. Limitations and exceptions: Public education expenditures are considered an addition to savings. However, because of the wide variability in the effectiveness of public education expenditures, these figures cannot be construed as the value of investments in human capital. A current expenditure of $1 on education does not necessarily yield $1 of human capital. The calculation should also consider private education expenditure, but data are not available for a large number of countries.