Lower middle income | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Lower middle income
Records
63
Source
Create chart Download showed records Download Full dataset
Lower middle income | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
6.15366355 1960
6.72470474 1961
6.69997346 1962
6.06537838 1963
6.97689221 1964
7.49348366 1965
5.65373802 1966
4.65114894 1967
5.96697415 1968
6.73826055 1969
6.24959027 1970
6.97377766 1971
6.754696 1972
6.33300629 1973
5.1027295 1974
5.18281528 1975
4.59367775 1976
4.57928774 1977
4.91355533 1978
4.01548079 1979
4.31972767 1980
4.48686943 1981
4.67035517 1982
4.7154002 1983
4.87475898 1984
4.93815304 1985
5.25333423 1986
5.1376734 1987
5.51456 1988
5.6513921 1989
5.96756048 1990
6.26229656 1991
6.70399986 1992
7.8154728 1993
10.53417756 1994
12.38809799 1995
11.5487032 1996
11.22357662 1997
11.44622339 1998
10.28018971 1999
10.74048431 2000
11.34778961 2001
12.22434364 2002
12.67192953 2003
13.52022903 2004
13.82805245 2005
13.7483403 2006
14.38830584 2007
13.85316252 2008
14.77002547 2009
15.13536228 2010
15.27560297 2011
16.27904491 2012
16.64115651 2013
16.3318344 2014
16.73170381 2015
16.39727124 2016
17.59700844 2017
18.01156584 2018
18.79674201 2019
20.130374 2020
2021
2022
Lower middle income | Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)
Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region are the sum of merchandise exports from the reporting economy to other low- and middle-income economies in the same World Bank region as a percentage of total merchandise exports by the economy. Data are computed only if at least half of the economies in the partner country group had non-missing data. No figures are shown for high-income economies, because they are a separate category in the World Bank classification of economies. Development relevance: The relative importance of intraregional trade is higher for both landlocked countries and small countries with close trade links to the largest regional economy. For most low- and middle-income economies - especially smaller ones - there is a "geographic bias" favoring intraregional trade. Despite the broad trend toward globalization and the reduction of trade barriers, the relative share of intraregional trade increased for most economies between 1999 and 2010. This is due partly to trade-related advantages, such as proximity, lower transport costs, increased knowledge from repeated interaction, and cultural and historical affinity. The direction of trade is also influenced by preferential trade agreements that a country has made with other economies. Though formal agreements on trade liberalization do not automatically increase trade, they nevertheless affect the direction of trade between the participating economies. Limitations and exceptions: Data on exports and imports are from the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) Direction of Trade database and should be broadly consistent with data from other sources, such as the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. All high-income economies and major low- and middle-income economies report trade data to the IMF on a timely basis, covering about 85 percent of trade for recent years. Trade data for less timely reporters and for countries that do not report are estimated using reports of trading partner countries. Therefore, data on trade between developing and high-income economies should be generally complete. But trade flows between many low- and middle-income economies - particularly those in Sub-Saharan Africa - are not well recorded, and the value of trade among low- and middle-income economies may be understated.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Lower middle income
Records
63
Source
Create chart Download showed records Download Full dataset