Madagascar | Gross capital formation (current US$)

Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Limitations and exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial. Statistical concept and methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Republic of Madagascar
Records
63
Source
Madagascar | Gross capital formation (current US$)
46855659.035944 1960
40799694.555059 1961
37293318.290643 1962
51318339.254536 1963
56737066.18919 1964
54186910.833573 1965
76817895.670703 1966
88611414.485544 1967
106461306.93166 1968
113915450.84683 1969
110215496.76911 1970
134578439.03596 1971
118325068.89698 1972
150385420.57394 1973
166059737.33272 1974
185775328.53549 1975
177487048.15704 1976
190560461.57838 1977
255938060.31331 1978
557423888.44985 1979
2423509387.9531 1980
1698505689.5637 1981
1260748390.3816 1982
1218438624.6864 1983
1047636606.9965 1984
713508373.32589 1985
891580584.36617 1986
803247801.52503 1987
561377484.69836 1988
1294035494.0246 1989
1413799000.5821 1990
998373766.99939 1991
1340875126.9165 1992
1538979542.6074 1993
1157857170.7001 1994
340474829.65222 1995
469814812.74444 1996
432772553.52162 1997
539088328.20268 1998
525897483.35992 1999
552294485.95845 2000
789059496.72341 2001
587094684.65116 2002
874597795.93215 2003
1071242869.8154 2004
1132427668.2956 2005
1299050304.8047 2006
2260553114.4596 2007
4155572181.6751 2008
3579584823.5772 2009
2698066299.0981 2010
2697484659.0877 2011
2335354076.5182 2012
2051490934.9893 2013
2065122039.3081 2014
1810764780.6024 2015
1939143360.8286 2016
2082697787.8188 2017
2848736283.5894 2018
3199508924.1174 2019
2312105240.8097 2020
2197448942.3215 2021
3161294786.9259 2022

Madagascar | Gross capital formation (current US$)

Gross capital formation (formerly gross domestic investment) consists of outlays on additions to the fixed assets of the economy plus net changes in the level of inventories. Fixed assets include land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. Inventories are stocks of goods held by firms to meet temporary or unexpected fluctuations in production or sales, and "work in progress." According to the 1993 SNA, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Limitations and exceptions: Because policymakers have tended to focus on fostering the growth of output, and because data on production are easier to collect than data on spending, many countries generate their primary estimate of GDP using the production approach. Moreover, many countries do not estimate all the components of national expenditures but instead derive some of the main aggregates indirectly using GDP (based on the production approach) as the control total. Data on capital formation may be estimated from direct surveys of enterprises and administrative records or based on the commodity flow method using data from production, trade, and construction activities. The quality of data on government fixed capital formation depends on the quality of government accounting systems (which tend to be weak in developing countries). Measures of fixed capital formation by households and corporations - particularly capital outlays by small, unincorporated enterprises - are usually unreliable. Estimates of changes in inventories are rarely complete but usually include the most important activities or commodities. In some countries these estimates are derived as a composite residual along with household final consumption expenditure. According to national accounts conventions, adjustments should be made for appreciation of the value of inventory holdings due to price changes, but this is not always done. In highly inflationary economies this element can be substantial. Statistical concept and methodology: Gross domestic product (GDP) from the expenditure side is made up of household final consumption expenditure, general government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation (private and public investment in fixed assets, changes in inventories, and net acquisitions of valuables), and net exports (exports minus imports) of goods and services. Such expenditures are recorded in purchaser prices and include net taxes on products.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Republic of Madagascar
Records
63
Source