Public and publicly guaranteed debt from private creditors include bonds that are either publicly issued or privately placed; commercial bank loans from private banks and other private financial institutions; and other private credits from manufacturers, exporters, and other suppliers of goods, and bank credits covered by a guarantee of an export credit agency. Long-term debt outstanding and disbursed (LDOD) is the total outstanding long-term debt at year end. Private nonguaranteed long-term debt outstanding and disbursed (LDOD) is an external obligation of a private debtor that is not guaranteed for repayment by a public entity. Long-term debt outstanding and disbursed (LDOD) is the total outstanding long-term debt at year end. Long-term external debt is defined as debt that has an original or extended maturity of more than one year and that is owed to nonresidents and repayable in foreign currency, goods, or services.