Togo | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)

Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Development relevance: Adjusted net national income is particularly useful in monitoring low-income, resource-rich economies, like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, because such economies often see large natural resources depletion as well as substantial exports of resource rents to foreign mining companies. For recent years adjusted net national income gives a picture of economic growth that is strikingly different from the one provided by GDP. The key to increasing future consumption and thus the standard of living lies in increasing national wealth - including not only the traditional measures of capital (such as produced and human capital), but also natural capital. Natural capital comprises such assets as land, forests, and subsoil resources. All three types of capital are key to sustaining economic growth. By accounting for the consumption of fixed and natural capital depletion, adjusted net national income better measures the income available for consumption or for investment to increase a country's future consumption. Limitations and exceptions: Adjusted net national income differs from the adjustments made in the calculation of adjusted net savings, by not accounting for investments in human capital or the damages from pollution. Thus, adjusted net national income remains within the boundaries of the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). The SNA includes non-produced natural assets (such as land, mineral resources, and forests) within the asset boundary when they are under the effective control of institutional units. The calculation of adjusted net national income, which accounts for net forest, energy, and mineral depletion, as well as consumption of fixed capital, thus remains within the SNA boundaries. This point is critical because it allows for comparisons across GDP, GNI, and adjusted net national income; such comparisons reveal the impact of natural resource depletion, which is otherwise ignored by the popular economic indicators. Statistical concept and methodology: Adjusted net national income complements gross national income (GNI) in assessing economic progress (Hamilton and Ley 2010) by providing a broader measure of national income that accounts for the depletion of natural resources. Adjusted net national income is calculated by subtracting from GNI a charge for the consumption of fixed capital (a calculation that yields net national income) and for the depletion of natural resources. The deduction for the depletion of natural resources, which covers net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion, reflects the decline in asset values associated with the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This is analogous to depreciation of fixed assets. Growth rates of adjusted net national income are computed from constant price series deflated using the gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) deflator.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Togolese Republic
Records
63
Source
Togo | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972 -1.33769068
1973 0.02409524
1974 62.18512863
1975 -42.57644268
1976 35.48672292
1977 -5.78323698
1978 4.89197762
1979 -9.58700815
1980 2.64259194
1981 -5.53180652
1982 -8.70827714
1983 -5.93191532
1984 8.87831025
1985 8.18370647
1986 -1.40799733
1987 -3.65129753
1988 9.57705449
1989 0.3170608
1990 -1.12048337
1991 -4.28841705
1992 -2.47487381
1993 -26.7592451
1994 8.68893019
1995 4.84957934
1996 18.81867209
1997 -1.3214852
1998 7.45158197
1999 3.09332808
2000 -6.23589165
2001 -2.71903707
2002 3.3951206
2003 0.47415707
2004 -3.27224529
2005 -9.09542506
2006 2.28826121
2007 -30.02936969
2008 3.64339888
2009 8.60262345
2010 2.30310308
2011 2.54806273
2012 -7.88063103
2013 11.98417589
2014 6.8600204
2015 10.64943363
2016 38.69274975
2017 2.61160775
2018 6.30415027
2019 5.08202607
2020 -2.16322688
2021 0.2214827
2022

Togo | Adjusted net national income per capita (annual % growth)

Adjusted net national income is GNI minus consumption of fixed capital and natural resources depletion. Development relevance: Adjusted net national income is particularly useful in monitoring low-income, resource-rich economies, like many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, because such economies often see large natural resources depletion as well as substantial exports of resource rents to foreign mining companies. For recent years adjusted net national income gives a picture of economic growth that is strikingly different from the one provided by GDP. The key to increasing future consumption and thus the standard of living lies in increasing national wealth - including not only the traditional measures of capital (such as produced and human capital), but also natural capital. Natural capital comprises such assets as land, forests, and subsoil resources. All three types of capital are key to sustaining economic growth. By accounting for the consumption of fixed and natural capital depletion, adjusted net national income better measures the income available for consumption or for investment to increase a country's future consumption. Limitations and exceptions: Adjusted net national income differs from the adjustments made in the calculation of adjusted net savings, by not accounting for investments in human capital or the damages from pollution. Thus, adjusted net national income remains within the boundaries of the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). The SNA includes non-produced natural assets (such as land, mineral resources, and forests) within the asset boundary when they are under the effective control of institutional units. The calculation of adjusted net national income, which accounts for net forest, energy, and mineral depletion, as well as consumption of fixed capital, thus remains within the SNA boundaries. This point is critical because it allows for comparisons across GDP, GNI, and adjusted net national income; such comparisons reveal the impact of natural resource depletion, which is otherwise ignored by the popular economic indicators. Statistical concept and methodology: Adjusted net national income complements gross national income (GNI) in assessing economic progress (Hamilton and Ley 2010) by providing a broader measure of national income that accounts for the depletion of natural resources. Adjusted net national income is calculated by subtracting from GNI a charge for the consumption of fixed capital (a calculation that yields net national income) and for the depletion of natural resources. The deduction for the depletion of natural resources, which covers net forest depletion, energy depletion, and mineral depletion, reflects the decline in asset values associated with the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This is analogous to depreciation of fixed assets. Growth rates of adjusted net national income are computed from constant price series deflated using the gross national expenditure (formerly domestic absorption) deflator.
Publisher
The World Bank
Origin
Togolese Republic
Records
63
Source