# Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP)
The **"Research and Development Expenditure (% of GDP)"** indicator measures the financial investment in **research and development (R&D)** as a percentage of a country's **Gross Domestic Product (GDP)**.
It encompasses both **capital and current expenditures** across four main sectors:
- **Business**
- **Government**
- **Higher Education**
- **Private Non-Profit Organizations**
This indicator provides insights into the **R&D expenditure ratios** for **Israel**, **Turkey**, and **Egypt** over a decade, spanning from **2012 to 2021**.
